For decades, large-scale hunting raised international concern for the future of the species, but populations rebounded after controls and quotas began to take effect. Fish and Wildlife Service published a draft conservation management plan for polar bears to improve their status under the Endangered Species Act and the Marine Mammal Protection Act. [87][89] Polar bears hunt primarily at the interface between ice, water, and air; they only rarely catch seals on land or in open water. Historically, the polar bear has also been known as the "white bear". The polar bear also hunts by stalking seals resting on the ice: upon spotting a seal, it walks to within 90 m (100 yd), and then crouches. [121] Her body temperature does not decrease during this period as it would for a typical mammal in hibernation. This report may well be dubious, however. Ursus maritimus tyrannus. "[157], Agreements have been made between countries to co-manage their shared polar bear subpopulations. [131], The polar bear is the apex predator within its range, and is a keystone species for the Arctic. While the oldest fossil is 100,000 years old, they are thought to have evolved between 100,000 and 250,000 years ago from a population of brown bears likely isolated by glaciation. [118], When the ice floes are at their minimum in the fall, ending the possibility of hunting, each pregnant female digs a maternity den consisting of a narrow entrance tunnel leading to one to three chambers. [128] In most areas, cubs are weaned at two and a half years of age, when the mother chases them away or abandons them. [32] This distinction has since been invalidated. [177] It banned all importing of polar bear trophies. When walking, the polar bear tends to have a lumbering gait and maintains an average speed of around 5.6 km/h (3.5 mph). ", "Ecological risk assessment of persistent organic pollutants in the arctic", "Chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminants and metabolites in polar bears (, "Rebuttal of "Polar Bear Population Forecasts: A Public-Policy Forecasting Audit, "The Energetic Value of Land-Based Foods in Western Hudson Bay and Their Potential to Alleviate Energy Deficits of Starving Adult Male Polar Bears", "Can polar bears use terrestrial foods to offset lost ice-based hunting opportunities? [62][122], Between November and February, cubs are born blind, covered with a light down fur, and weighing less than 0.9 kg (2.0 lb),[120] but in captivity they might be delivered in the earlier months. Rising temperatures cause the sea ice to melt earlier in the year, driving the bears to shore before they have built sufficient fat reserves to survive the period of scarce food in the late summer and early fall. Whereas northern communities kill all the polar bears they are permitted to take each year, only half of sport hunters with permits actually manage to kill a polar bear. An oil spill in the Arctic would most likely concentrate in the areas where polar bears and their prey are also concentrated, such as sea ice leads. Photos, facts, videos from Polar Bears International that funds population, preservation, and DNA studies of the polar bear, Map: Here's where the polar bears are vanishing. In the early 20th century, Norwegian hunters were harvesting 300 bears per year at the same location. [183], The effects of climate change are most profound in the southern part of the polar bear's range, and this is indeed where significant degradation of local populations has been observed. ", "Magic Number: a Sketchy "Fact" About Polar Bears Keeps Going...And Going... And Going", "Nunavut MLAs condemn U.S. proposal to make polar bears threatened species", "Order Authorizing the Issue of a Two Dollar Circulation Coin Commemorating the Millennium and Specifying its Characteristics, SOR/2000-245", "Nunavut's polar bear licence plates may go extinct", "The Bowdoin polar bear: origins in a history of exploration", "University of Alaska Fairbanks Logo History", "13 Questions with the Producers of Lost: Polar Bears, the Smoke Monster, and the Man in Black", National Wildlife Federation's Polar Bear Page, Map of polar bear ranges and denning areas in Nunavut from Nunavut Planning Commission. Can also be forced to accept a half-eaten carcass if they kill a seal but can defend! The swim, the polar bear populations increasing: in fact, booming climate get to be a bear... [ 15 ] [ 13 ], booming specimen, when newly weaned and easily hunted seal pups abundant. 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